RFE: Unique Pre-Soviet Film Collection Heads Home To Russia

[silentfilm]

http://www.rferl.org/content/pre-soviet ... 25384.html

Unique Pre-Soviet Film Collection Heads Home To Russia

By Claire Bigg

October 01, 2012
Russian cinema lovers say it is nothing short of a miracle.

A vast collection of pre-Soviet films is about to be returned to Russia after an unlikely, century-long journey home.

The 350 silent films, all shot in Imperial Russia, were formally donated to the St. Petersburg-based Lenfilm studio by an American businessman earlier this month.

They are expected to be handed over to Lenfilm by the end of the year in a move that Russian film buffs hope will yield some rare cinematic gems.

"This is sensational, it brings back to life a whole slice of our cinematographic history," Naum Kleiman, a film historian and the director of Moscow's Cinema Museum, says. "This is a very important event -- 300 pre-revolutionary films, it's like discovering an entire continent."

Steven Krams, the president of the Florida-based cinema technology firm Magna-Tech Electronic, says the collection used to belong to a Russian emigrant named Samuel Kipnis.

Kipnis, a passionate film collector, fled Russia during the civil war that followed the 1917 Bolshevik revolution and settled in Miami, where he occasionally screened the movies to small audiences of Russian emigrants at a local theater.

After his death in 1982, the films were transferred to the University of Florida's film library.

Krams says he came into possession of the films, shot on highly flammable pellicles, after the university was hit by a blaze.

"They had a fire, the films were deemed to be dangerous to be kept and they were going to be discarded," Krams says, "so I rescued them; it was back in the 1980s."

The films have since been in Krams' safekeeping, first at a warehouse in Miami and then in Atlanta.

It was a recent business trip to Russia that persuaded Krams to donate them to Lenfilm.

"I had been at a convention and took a tour of Lenfilm studios -- it just struck me this might ne a nice place to find a home for them," Krams says. "I'm happy to be able to make some kind of contribution, I hope it's appreciated and I hope that it's something that proves to be useful somehow."

To say that Krams' gift is appreciated in Russia would be an understatement.

Between 70 and 80 percent of films produced in Imperial Russia have disappeared, either lost or destroyed by Soviet authorities as bourgeois art, and the collection is a potential treasure trove.

"Three hundred and fifty films form a huge collection for those times," says Andrei Sigle, who oversees Lenfilm's production arm. "Back then, film production was extremely limited, so it represents an important period in the history of our cinema."

The first silent films in Russia were shown in the late 19th century, usually at fairs, rented auditoriums, or drama theaters.

Russia's first cinema opened in St. Petersburg in 1896.

European and American films initially dominated the market, but Russian cinema quickly began to make great strides.

The first Russian narrative film, a 10-minute short titled "Stenka Rasin" (below) was shot in 1908.



Russia's first feature-length silent film was the 100-minute "Oborona Sevastopolya" ("The Defense of Sevastopol"), a historical drama about the siege of Sevastopol during the Crimean War that premiered in 1911 in Tsar Nicholas II's palace in Yalta.

The collection put together by Kipnis is likely to shed new light on the early days of Russian cinema, which laid the foundations for the celebrated Soviet and Russian movie industry.

"It is the source," Kleiman says. "We now regard early cinema not only as primitive but also as the foundation of everything that took place afterward. So this has huge significance."

Krams has never examined the films, fueling hopes the collection could yield works that are currently thought lost beyond return.

Those include films featuring cult actress Vera Kholodnaya. Although Kholodnaya is believed to have stared in at least 50 films during her short life, only a handful of them are known to have survived to this day.

Cinephiles are also hoping for lost works by pioneering film directors such as Aleksandr Khanzhonkov, who co-directed "Oborona Sevastopolya," as well as those of Aleksandr Drankov, Pyotr Chardynin, or Vasily Goncharov.

Lenfilm, however, will not be able to single-handedly restore and digitalize the films donated by Krams.

Despite its prestigious reputation as Russia's second-largest film studio, it has been saddled with debts in recent years and is teetering on the brink of bankruptcy.

Lenfilm says it has asked Gosfilmofond, Russia's state film archive, for help in making the century-old collection accessible to the public.

[Jim Roots]

Why hand the films over to a business on the verge of bankruptcy? Isn't that rather self-defeating?

Maybe the wisest thing to do would have been to have had one of the American archives make safety prints, or at least paper prints, before shipping the originals to Russia. And I would have asked for a partnership of some kind to be created before handing them over -- say, the Russian state archives plus an accomplished European restoration centre such as in Germany. I wouldn't trust the Russian archives alone to know how best to preserve and restore these films.

That said ... and marvelling at an actress able to "stare" in over 50 films ... this is wonderful news. It will be fascinating to see if the energy and innovation the early Soviet filmmakers brought to the medium were also apparent in the pre-Revolution cinema, or if they were a reaction against stodginess and Imperial censorship.

Jim

[sc1957]

What is a pellicle, in film terms? I know what it is for protozoa. Various web definitions include a thin film, a thin membrane, a thin scum.

[Tommy Stathes]

What is a pellicle, in film terms? I know what it is for protozoa. Various web definitions include a thin film, a thin membrane, a thin scum.

Sounds like film, misspelled, in the original language was not properly translated into English by an automated translator.

Fascinating story, though. It just goes to show you that there are still loads of silent films out there waiting to be archived.

[Ann Harding]

What is a pellicle, in film terms? I know what it is for protozoa. Various web definitions include a thin film, a thin membrane, a thin scum.

The right spelling is 'pellicule' (French word) meaning film.

[Frederica]

What is a pellicle, in film terms? I know what it is for protozoa. Various web definitions include a thin film, a thin membrane, a thin scum.

The right spelling is 'pellicule' (French word) meaning film.

Oh! Duh. It's 'pelicula' in Spanish.

[mndean]

What is a pellicle, in film terms? I know what it is for protozoa. Various web definitions include a thin film, a thin membrane, a thin scum.

The right spelling is 'pellicule' (French word) meaning film.

Oh! Duh. It's 'pelicula' in Spanish.

Pellicle can mean film in English as well. A pellicle mirror is a mirror made of plastic film, partially silvered so it both transmits and reflects light.

[Jim Roots]

What is a pellicle, in film terms? I know what it is for protozoa. Various web definitions include a thin film, a thin membrane, a thin scum.

The right spelling is 'pellicule' (French word) meaning film.

Oh! Duh. It's 'pelicula' in Spanish.

How peculiar!

Jim

[rudyfan]

Well, this is fabulous news in any case. Is there a list of the films available? Not that the titles would mean much to me.
I'm still interested.

[Gagman 66]

It's a great find, but are these all Russian films? Nothing else mixed in?

[silentmovies742]

I think the first line of the article saying they were all shot in Russia kind of gives the game away!

[Murnau]

The best news of the year, absolutely.

[Frederica]

The best news of the year, absolutely.

Srsly.